aerial view photography of mountains

Publications

Please find below relevant publications, written by members of the team.

Global Environmental Politics, 23(1), 91–116

From 2015, China began to promote eco-sustainability in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through not only vision statements but also specific guidelines and governance initiatives. What has driven these policy changes? Bringing together theories of norm localization, norm subsidiarity, and policy deliberation, we argue that China’s move toward green BRI began as a norm localization process where environmental norms emerged in the open policy space created by China’s top leaders carrying the ambition to make the BRI a new global governance model. After adopting a broad norm on environmental stewardship, state bureaucracies found opportunities to create procedural and operational rules. A novel procedural rule-making methodology emphasizing inclusive dialogue with host countries has emerged, driven by top leaders’ pursuit of international leadership and preexisting local norms guiding South–South cooperation. With operational rules, different actors follow their preferences to localize existing international standards or develop new ones.

Environmental Politics, 32(7), 1109–1116

On the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Dr Yixian Sun led a group of experts of China's overseas engagement to put together this special symposium on the environmental governance of the BRI.

While China’s fast-growing investments across the world have large implications for global and local environmental politics, this phenomenon has so far received insufficient attention of students of environmental politics. Moreover, China has become increasingly proactive in promoting green development in the BRI, but little research has assessed relevant governance initiatives. Recognising this research gap, contributors to the symposium provide rigorous analysis on institutional interactions involving China and host country actors as well as forces driving new governance initiatives aiming to green the BRI. Building on the insights drawn from the symposium, we propose a research agenda to focus on the effects of China-US geopolitical rivalry, institutional evolution, and agency of host countries to understand the evolving system governing environmental impacts of China’s overseas engagement.

Over the last decade, China's development finance for coal-fired power plants has been seen as a major barrier to clean energy transition in developing countries. In September 2021, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that China would stop supporting new coal projects abroad. This pledge was made beyond the expectation of many observers as it seems to deviate from China's long-standing approach of non-interference in its overseas development programme. What explains this striking policy shift? Drawing upon the literature on two-level games and the political economy of China's overseas investment, we developed a novel analytical framework, which argues that China's new policy is the combined outcome of three mechanisms: issue linkages in intergovernmental bargaining, lobbying of transnational alliances, and influence of domestic interest groups seeking policy change. We used elite interviews, policy documents, and media reports to show the processes through which the changing market and political environments since 2017 led China's leadership to make the commitment to phase out overseas coal finance in 2021. Our study contributes to the burgeoning literature on China's influence on global energy transition by unpacking the complex policy-making processes of Chinese overseas investments and identifying different forces shaping the emerging sustainability governance system for China's global engagement.

Energy Research & Social Science, 111, 103456